{"id":265,"date":"2023-09-28T15:02:41","date_gmt":"2023-09-28T15:02:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/michaelsantosauthor.com\/bcpjournal\/?p=265"},"modified":"2023-09-29T00:40:49","modified_gmt":"2023-09-29T00:40:49","slug":"if-reality-is-intelligible-and-it-must-be-intelligible-then-idealism-must-be-true","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/michaelsantosauthor.com\/bcpjournal\/if-reality-is-intelligible-and-it-must-be-intelligible-then-idealism-must-be-true\/","title":{"rendered":"If reality is intelligible, and it must be intelligible, then idealism must be true\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Introduction<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The discovery of a \u201ctheory of everything\u201d is most notably a goal of physics. The problem of incompleteness (G\u00f6del, 1931) arguably prohibits humanity from ever knowing \u201ceverything,\u201d and so this project in physics is necessarily limited. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, we can generate one-word theories of everything, such as \u201ceverything\u201d and \u201creality.\u201d While these one-word theories obviously offer little in terms of detail, they do map onto reality in every way, they conform to our cognitive limitations, and they are grammatically (syntactically and semantically) correct linguistic expressions. After all, that\u2019s what a theory is\u2013an expression in language that maps onto the reality that it describes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Therefore, the problems of incompleteness and undecidability increasingly enter into the picture as our theories become more specific. It should be possible, then, to find a logical framework that is general enough to map onto reality in every way, and within which all of the more specific theories of reality can be interpreted. Such a logical framework could then inform us as to which of the incomplete theories are worth pursuing. The same benefit would also extend to metaphysical theories.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elucidating that logical reality-theoretic framework is the goal of this essay. As will become evident, such a framework refutes physicalism, dualism, and panpsychism, while idealism not only remains coherent, but stands out as the only viable theory on the table. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Principles of a coherent reality-theoretic framework<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1. The Intelligibility Principle<\/em>: Reality must be intelligible. <\/em>Science and philosophy presuppose the intelligibility of reality, for without a \u201cthrough-line\u201d of intelligibility from reality, to perception, to cognition, to natural languages, and to formal languages, science and philosophy would not be possible. We would also be unable to apprehend reality at all, making it impossible to survive, let alone to theorize.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. The Reality Principle: Reality is, by definition, what exists. <\/em>Any real \u201cthing\u201d is a part of reality. More technically, any real \u201cthing\u201d is a behavior (excitation) of reality. By definition, nothing except reality exists, because anything else that did exist would be, by default, part of reality. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. The Monism Principle: If there is a plurality of real, different things, then reality is, by definition, the set of those real things and of their real differences, which follows from the Reality Principle.<\/em> A coherent reality-theoretic framework must, therefore, be monistic, because any two or more real things, made distinguishable by real differences between them, will still be the same by virtue of the fact that they are real. Thus, this principle refutes the metaphysical theory of dualism. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. The Self-Determinism Principle: Reality must be self-deterministic, not deterministic or indeterministic. <\/em>Determinism fails because it requires an external cause for reality. But were this the case, the external determinator itself would have to be real, and would therefore be part of reality by definition, thereby contradicting the premise. Indeterminism fails because, if reality were completely random, it would lack the structural, functional, and organizational rules necessary to enforce its own consistency. Therefore, reality can only be self-deterministic; it must bring itself into existence, serving simultaneously as cause, effect, and causation in all instances of these. In other words, reality must be a kind of tautology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. The Tautological Reality Principle: A true reality theory will, by definition, map onto all of reality in every way, and therefore, constitute a tautology. <\/em>Because there is nothing that exists except reality, a coherent reality-theoretic framework will be both unfalsifiable and tautological. Falsifiability is crucial in science, in which we can compare and contrast observations of \u201cthings” in order to predict their behavior. However, because reality is all that exists, and because a true reality theory maps onto reality in every way, there is nothing that a true reality theory can be compared or contrasted to<\/em>. Therefore, the theory is unfalsifiable. By the same token, a true reality theory must be true by virtue of its own logical structure, which entails that the theory be self-referential, as must reality itself be. Thus, the theory is, by definition, a tautology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. The Principle of Metalinguistics: Because perception and cognition, from which natural and formal languages are derived, are themselves linguistic (consisting of symbols placed in association with each other, including subject-object and time\/tense relationships), and because perception and cognition must be isomorphic to reality to ensure intelligibility, reality can also be described as a language, and its ruleset as a linguistic syntax. <\/em>That syntax distributes over all of reality. Real “things” are instantiations of that syntax, just as sentences and phrases in any language are instantiations of their respective linguistic syntax (Whitehead, 1929). For example, the Law of Conservation of Momentum is possible everywhere in space-time, but instantiates anywhere there are objects in motion. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Languages carry information, which then makes reality an information system (Wheeler, 1989). Furthermore, information consists of distinctions, which entail constraints differentiating one thing from another (1s and 0s). Therefore, information is two-value logic, True or False, 1 or 0. As soon as there is a distinction present in reality, there is also two-value logic. In other words, even if reality\u2019s ground state is unconstrained potential (as we\u2019ll see, this must be so), once any \u201cthing\u201d exists out of that \u201cno-thing,\u201d it adopts an existence (True) vs. non-existence (False), 1 vs. 0. Information and two-value logic accompany existence from the very beginning. This principle can be conceptualized as the metaphysical application of Chomsky\u2019s universal grammar (1965). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

As such, two-value logic is the distributed syntax of reality, the ruleset that is applied to the initial conditions of that first existence in order to generate the multiplicity of reality, including us. This is also why all other forms of logic supervene on two-value logic; two-value logic is primal in that it emerges hand-in-hand with existence itself. We\u2019ll expand on this in subsequent principles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. The Isomorphism Principle: Reality is intelligible by virtue of the hierarchy consisting of itself and its contents, structured by means of its ruleset\/syntax.<\/em> As instantiations of reality\u2019s syntax, all levels of reality necessarily share a common set of structural, functional, and organizational rules. Put another way, each level in the multiplicity of reality is unique up to isomorphism<\/em> in relation to every other level, and to the unity of reality itself. These rules allow reality\u2019s multiplicity to consistently interact with each other and with the unity. Each level can be unique up to isomorphism, allowing for variety in the emergent complexity, but each level is also constrained by their mutual syntactic structure. In other words, reality\u2019s fractal nature, as evidenced by its consistency, creates the through-line of intelligibility that makes reality, perception, cognition, and natural and formal languages isomorphic to each other. Reality can then be visually represented as structurally similar to Hofstadter\u2019s Butterfly, which Hofstadter himself notes in G\u00f6del, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid <\/em>has been called an image of God (1979).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8. The Principle of the Reduction Base: At the “bottom” of any reality theory must be an ontological primitive, beyond which we can\u2019t explain, but which explains everything else by means of itself.<\/em> Concepts are defined by constraints specifying their structure. Consequently, every concept requires explanation except for the reduction base, which itself cannot be explained by means of anything else, in keeping with the Reality, Monism, and Tautological Reality Principles. Therefore, the reduction base must have no constraints and no structure to explain. It must be the ontological ground state from which all structures, constraints, and distinctions emerge. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

9. The Idealism Principle: Consciousness and reality are ultimately inseparable, such that reality <\/em>is pure consciousness. <\/em>The only possible candidate for the reduction base is pure consciousness (herein, \u201cconsciousness\u201d means phenomenal consciousness\/awareness\/presence\/\u201cI Am-ness,\u201d as opposed to meta-consciousness or cognitive functions). Consciousness is epistemically fundamental\u2013we know that it exists without having to reference any other \u201cthing\u201d in order to know that it exists. As such, it is the only \u201cthing\u201d that is unconstrained. Importantly, both the physical world and the mental (thoughts, emotions, memories, cognitive processes, etc.) are only ever known by means of consciousness. In other words, all objects, be they physical or mental in nature, are always constrained by their relationship to the subject, pure consciousness. Put another way, the one subject of reality is the monad, while quantitative and qualitative properties describe the experiences that arise within the subject.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As a result of these requirements defining the reduction base, reality\u2019s ontological ground state cannot be physical\u2013physical \u201cthings\u201d are only ever known as ideas within consciousness, and, therefore, are necessarily always constrained by a relationship to<\/em> consciousness, the medium in which they appear. Physicalism encounters the hard problem of consciousness and paradoxes in quantum physics because it does not recognize this logical contradiction. Because physicalism makes the map fundamental and then tries to explain the territory by means of the map, the theory is mired in an inherent dualism that it cannot escape (Kastrup, 2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10. The Out of \u201cNo-Thing\u201d Principle: Because the ground state of pure consciousness is unconstrained, it is \u201cno-thing,\u201d in which there is infinite potential for \u201csome-thing\u201d to exist. <\/em>The ex nihilo <\/em>paradox arises when “nothing” is taken as the ground state of reality. Because \u201cnothing\u201d excludes even the potential for \u201csome-thing,\u201d and because the exclusion of potential is a constraint, “nothing” in that sense requires its own explanation and therefore cannot serve as the reduction base, which must be unconstrained. But when “nothing” is instead viewed as unconstrained potential (\u201cno-thing\u201d), the ex nihilo <\/em>paradox no longer applies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As we\u2019ve already seen, reality is informational because information consists of distinctions in which one thing is syntactically constrained to differ from another (Wheeler, 1989). Reality self-configures from potential to information, beginning with the very first distinction. The etymology of \u201cinformation,\u201d by the way, is \u201cto give form to potential.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cognition refers to the complex mental processes through which individuals acquire, store, organize, manipulate, and use information. As such, the mind is seen as an information processing system (Matlin, 2012). An informational reality, therefore, requires consciousness, in the form of Wheeler\u2019s \u201cobserver-participants” (1989). Thus, consciousness is the only viable candidate for reality\u2019s ground state, with mind as its constrained subjective\/abstract modality and the physical as another constrained, objective\/concrete modality. Both aspects are informational objects of the unconstrained subject, pure consciousness. Thus, one could use the label \u201cdual-aspect monism\u201d to describe this theory, for the purposes of distinguishing pure consciousness from mind, as in the Vedantic tradition (Nikhilananda, 1949). However, idealism is arguably the more parsimonious label in Western analytic philosophy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11. The Natural Teleology Principle: To \u201cin-form\u201d itself from its own potential, reality needs a function to distinguish what it is from what it is not; that is, for any \u201cthing\u201d to exist, reality must recognize it as itself.<\/em> Because reality is self-contained, tautological, and all that exists, it must employ a recursive process in order to bring itself into existence from its ground state. This process can be considered a naturalistic telos<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

12. The Emergent Complexity Principle: Complexity must emerge from the first binary distinction as a result of the recursive application of this selection process by reality. <\/em>Similar to a cellular automaton, reality can be seen as applying its ruleset to itself repeatedly, beginning with the simplest of initial conditions (a single binary distinction\u2013existence vs. non-existence, \u201csome-thing\u201d vs. \u201cno-thing\u201d). In this way, unimaginable complexity evolves from simple initial conditions and a simple ruleset (two-value logic), producing a fractal structure that ensures isomorphism and intelligibility across all levels (Wolfram, 2002; Azarian, 2022). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process amounts to cognition in the \u201cmind\u201d of (and that is<\/em>) reality, and as such, cognition and time are synonymous. For consciousness evolves via the state-transition parameter called cognition, which processes information. Reality evolves along the state-transition parameter called time, which we perceive via observed state changes of information (matter). Both mind and reality are informational systems that arise within pure consciousness, with cognition and time serving as their respective information processing parameters. It follows that cognition and time must be the same state-transition parameter, and the time experienced by any mind at any level of reality must correspond to the information processing happening at that level, consistent with the computational bounds restricting the given mind (Langan, 2002; Wolfram, 2002). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

One common question that Bernardo Kastrup, the scientist and philosopher behind analytic idealism, often receives in debates and discussions is: why does reality have the properties and laws that it has? Kastrup\u2019s usual reply is something along these lines: to be is to have properties, so reality is what it is and therefore has the properties that it has. While this is true, the reality-theoretic framework laid out herein fleshes out his point. Reality possesses the properties that it does because it evolves its own complexity from its very first distinction, which is necessarily a single binary (existence vs. non-existence, 1 vs. 0, True vs. False). It does so by applying its own ruleset to that simple initial condition. The ruleset, two-value logic, emerges right alongside that first binary distinction as soon as some \u201cthing\u201d exists out of the ground state of \u201cno-thing.\u201d As such, reality\u2019s properties (laws) emerge along with its states (instantiations of the laws), all derived from reality\u2019s recursive application of its ruleset to itself. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

13. The Absolute Infinity Principle: Reality\u2019s ruleset is applied recursively to all possible initial conditions, creating a superposition of all possible instantiations, which ultimately \u201ccollapses\u201d into the most stable option for a given observer, based on the observer\u2019s computational limitations. <\/em>Because reality is self-contained, its external size and duration are undefined, and it cannot expand in an external sense: it has nothing to expand into, and \u201cno-when\u201d to expand during. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rather, reality must stratify inwardly<\/em>, into a superposition of sequentially related states (Langan, 2002; Campbell, 2003). New states are formed within the images of previous states. Each fractal image (level\/part of reality) gets its identity from that above it, and also gives its own structure to those below it, in a simultaneously top-down and bottom-up process of actualization (not coincidentally paralleling the brain\u2019s predictive, world modeling, and hemispheric shifting processes) (Hofstadter, 1979; McGilchrist 2009, 2021). Each fractal contains its own infinity, with the whole of all fractals (reality itself) being absolute infinity (Cantor, 1874).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

14. The Decombination Principle: Making up the unity of reality is a multiplicity of alters (conscious agents) created via a process of dissociation in the one mind of reality.<\/em> Similarly to Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) in individuals, which typically occurs as a result of trauma and an attempt to heal a highly entropic (disordered) mind (American Psychiatric Association, 2013), global-level dissociation occurs to maximize the rate at which reality creates order from its ground state of potential. The spacetime manifold is a representation of reality, or what the rest of reality looks like from across the dissociative boundaries of these alters (Hoffman, 2019; Kastrup 2019, 2021). The dreams of patients with DID provide a 1:1 descriptive model of reality. Specifically, the alters of the patient share the same \u201cphysical\u201d reality in a transpersonally subjective manner. The seemingly physical world that they inhabit is how the mental contents of the host’s mind appear across the alters’ respective dissociative boundaries (Barrett, 1996), paralleling what idealism claims occurs at the level of reality. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A given alter projects all of spacetime, including the entire past, by applying reality\u2019s self-selection function. A selection is made from the superposed possibilities through einselection, the process by which the most stable informational state survives while fragile quantum superpositions \u201cdie off,\u201d amounting to universal Darwinism at the quantum level (Fuchs, 2010; Azarian, 2022). A given alter\u2019s computational limitations guide this selection by defining the stability required. One can think of this like a video game world that renders only as much detail as can be handled by the computational bounds of the given platform, in order to satisfy the player\u2019s query of the program (Campbell, 2003). The concept of exclusion in Integrated Information Theory (IIT), which states that a conscious experience is only ever in one unified state at the exclusion of other possible states (Tononi, 2012), has begun to offer a mathematical formalization of both dissociation and einselection, which itself can be seen as a dissociative process in the mind of reality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As finite subsets of reality (instantiations of reality\u2019s syntax), we have limited cognition relative to the cognitive power of reality itself. As such, our perceptual faculties are not comprehensive, but rather provide us with an interface. Thus, perception translates the information into a representation, a set of symbols and icons (a language) that allow us to survive (Wolfram, 2002; Hoffman, 2019). More technically, the physical world is the Markov blanket separating our internal state from our external state, so that we can maintain structural integrity in the face of infinite complexity (Friston, 2010). Different alters have different limitations, and so their perceptual interfaces, including the physical laws therein, will differ depending on the bounds of their individual, limited minds (Wolfram, 2002). As a result, we can \u201cread\u201d the language of perception (take in sense data that communicates isomorphic information about reality), process it within our cognition, and then \u201cwrite\u201d that same language by acting back upon reality. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this way, reality is a language that reads, understands, and writes itself. It is also a kind of simulation theory, in which reality itself (consciousness) is the computer (Campbell, 2003). Reality has all of the computational power in existence, and so it can experience itself as all alters at once. The infinite instantiates as every finite perspective, thus rendering itself for itself. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

As we have seen, idealism is the only viable metaphysics on the table once we explore the logical requirements of a coherent reality-theoretic framework. Such a framework is general enough to map onto reality without encountering problems of incompleteness or decidability. However, it is also specific enough to help us rule out the more detailed theories about reality that do<\/em> encounter those challenges. As such, we can be confident in saying that physicalism, the mainstream paradigm of today, is incoherent, as physical entities cannot serve as the reduction base. Idealism, especially Kastrup\u2019s analytic idealism, provides the only possible ground state of being\u2013pure consciousness, which Kastrup calls \u201cMind at Large\u201d (Kastrup, 2019; 2021). With the reality-theoretic framework explicated herein, which requires idealism as its metaphysical extension, we have shown why this must be, why reality is necessarily the way that it is, and why it possesses the properties that it does. Furthermore, since we started from intelligibility as our first principle, we have reached the following conclusion: if reality is intelligible, and it must be<\/em> intelligible, then idealism must be true. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For a more comprehensive view of this framework, read the paper, “What the Hard Problem of Consciousness Misses: The Case for a Coherent Reality Theory<\/a>“<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Citations<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Publishing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Azarian, B. (2022). The Romance of Reality: How the Universe Organizes Itself to Create Life, Consciousness, and Cosmic Complexity. BenBella Books.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Barrett, D. (1996). Dreams in multiple personality disorder. In D. Barrett (Ed.), Trauma and dreams (pp. 68\u201381). Harvard University Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Campbell, T. (2003). My Big TOE: Awakening. Lightning Strike Books.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cantor, G. (1874). \u00dcber eine Eigenschaft des Inbegriffes aller reellen algebraischen Zahlen. [On a Property of the Collection of All Real Algebraic Numbers]. Journal f\u00fcr die reine und angewandte Mathematik, 77, 258-262.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of the theory of syntax. MIT Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Friston, K. (2010). The free-energy principle: A unified brain theory? Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 11(2), 127-138.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fuchs, C. A. (2010). QBism, the Perimeter of Quantum Bayesianism. arXiv: Quantum Physics. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6del, K. (1931). \u00dcber formal unentscheidbare S\u00e4tze der Principia Mathematica und verwandter Systeme I. [On Formally Undecidable Propositions of Principia Mathematica and Related Systems I]. Monatshefte f\u00fcr Mathematik und Physik, 38(1), 173-198.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hoffman, D. (2019). The Case Against Reality: Why Evolution Hid the Truth from Our Eyes. W. W. Norton & Company.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hofstadter, D. R. (1979). G\u00f6del, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid. Basic Books.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kastrup, B. (2019). The Idea of the World: A Multi-Disciplinary Argument for the Mental Nature of Reality. Iff Books.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kastrup, B. (2021). Science Ideated: The Fall Of Matter And The Contours Of The Next Mainstream Scientific Worldview. Iff Books.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Langan, C. M. (2002). The Cognitive-Theoretic Model of the Universe: A New Kind of Reality Theory. Mega Foundation Press<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Matlin, M. W. (2012). Cognition. John Wiley & Sons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

McGilchrist, I. (2009). The Master and His Emissary: The Divided Brain and the Making of the Western World. Yale University Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

McGilchrist, I. (2021). The Matter With Things: Our Brains, Our Delusions and the Unmaking of the World. Penguin Books.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nikhilananda, S. (1949). Mandukya Upanishad with Gaudapada’s Karika and Shankara’s Commentary. Ramakrishna-Vivekananda Center.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tononi, G. (2012). Integrated information theory of consciousness: an updated account. Archives italiennes de biologie, 150(2-3), 56\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4449\/aib.v149i5.1388<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wheeler, J. A. (1989). Information, Physics, Quantum: The Search for Links. In W. H. Zurek (Ed.), Complexity, Entropy, and the Physics of Information (pp. 3-28). Addison-Wesley.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Whitehead, A. N. (1929). Process and reality: An essay in cosmology. Macmillan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wolfram, S. (2002). A New Kind of Science. Wolfram Media.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Elucidating that logical reality-theoretic framework is the goal of this essay. As will become evident, such a framework refutes physicalism, dualism, and panpsychism, while idealism not only remains coherent, but stands out as the only viable theory on the table.\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":266,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,27],"tags":[21,25,23,22,53,20,24,86],"class_list":["post-265","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-philosophy","category-science","tag-consciousness","tag-dualism","tag-idealism","tag-metaphysics","tag-ontology","tag-philosophy-of-mind","tag-physicalism","tag-reality-theory"],"yoast_head":"\nIf reality is intelligible, and it must be intelligible, then idealism must be true\u00a0 - 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It is this isomorphism that logically ensures reality's intelligibility, and provides an ontology for theories and models themselves. Moreover, that isomorphism allows us to learn about the nature of reality\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Philosophy"","block_context":{"text":"Philosophy","link":"https:\/\/michaelsantosauthor.com\/bcpjournal\/category\/philosophy\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"a man standing under a starry night sky","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michaelsantosauthor.com\/bcpjournal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/pexels-photo-5553737.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michaelsantosauthor.com\/bcpjournal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/pexels-photo-5553737.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michaelsantosauthor.com\/bcpjournal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/pexels-photo-5553737.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michaelsantosauthor.com\/bcpjournal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/pexels-photo-5553737.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michaelsantosauthor.com\/bcpjournal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/pexels-photo-5553737.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":308,"url":"https:\/\/michaelsantosauthor.com\/bcpjournal\/a-trinitarian-framework-for-core-subjectivity-awareness-phenomenality-and-intentionality-in-consciousness\/","url_meta":{"origin":265,"position":2},"title":"A Trinitarian Framework for Core Subjectivity: Awareness, Phenomenality, and Intentionality in Consciousness","author":"michael.santos","date":"January 10, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"This paper delves into the notion of core subjectivity, the fundamental base of mind that one experiences in the pure consciousness state, and examines its interconnected modes\u2014awareness, phenomenality, and intentionality. Leveraging strong phenomenal intentionality theory\u2019s claim that all intentional states are (or arise from) phenomenal states, we propose that the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Philosophy"","block_context":{"text":"Philosophy","link":"https:\/\/michaelsantosauthor.com\/bcpjournal\/category\/philosophy\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"pexels-photo-1500610.jpeg","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michaelsantosauthor.com\/bcpjournal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/pexels-photo-1500610.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michaelsantosauthor.com\/bcpjournal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/pexels-photo-1500610.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michaelsantosauthor.com\/bcpjournal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/pexels-photo-1500610.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michaelsantosauthor.com\/bcpjournal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/pexels-photo-1500610.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michaelsantosauthor.com\/bcpjournal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/pexels-photo-1500610.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":313,"url":"https:\/\/michaelsantosauthor.com\/bcpjournal\/the-epistemic-contingency-of-knowledge-reason-logic-and-meaning-on-an-idealist-metaphysics\/","url_meta":{"origin":265,"position":3},"title":"The Epistemic Contingency of Knowledge, Reason, Logic, and Meaning on an Idealist Metaphysics","author":"michael.santos","date":"January 24, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"This paper leverages the history of epistemology to argue that an accidental worldview is self-defeating, as it precludes the possibility of all that it must epistemically presuppose: knowledge, reason, logic, and meaning.","rel":"","context":"In "Philosophy"","block_context":{"text":"Philosophy","link":"https:\/\/michaelsantosauthor.com\/bcpjournal\/category\/philosophy\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"man in black and white polo shirt beside writing board","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michaelsantosauthor.com\/bcpjournal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/cellular-education-classroom-159844.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michaelsantosauthor.com\/bcpjournal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/cellular-education-classroom-159844.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michaelsantosauthor.com\/bcpjournal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/cellular-education-classroom-159844.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michaelsantosauthor.com\/bcpjournal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/cellular-education-classroom-159844.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michaelsantosauthor.com\/bcpjournal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/cellular-education-classroom-159844.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":297,"url":"https:\/\/michaelsantosauthor.com\/bcpjournal\/time-is-to-space-as-cognition-is-to-information\/","url_meta":{"origin":265,"position":4},"title":"Time Is to Space as Cognition Is to Information","author":"michael.santos","date":"October 24, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Introduction This paper embarks on an exploration of the nature of time and its relationship to cognition, beginning with an evaluation of the reduction base, the enigmatic ground state of reality that eludes explanation yet possesses the capacity to elucidate the entire spectrum of existence. It unveils the reduction base\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Philosophy"","block_context":{"text":"Philosophy","link":"https:\/\/michaelsantosauthor.com\/bcpjournal\/category\/philosophy\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"white clock","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michaelsantosauthor.com\/bcpjournal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/pexels-photo-2249964.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michaelsantosauthor.com\/bcpjournal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/pexels-photo-2249964.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michaelsantosauthor.com\/bcpjournal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/pexels-photo-2249964.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michaelsantosauthor.com\/bcpjournal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/pexels-photo-2249964.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michaelsantosauthor.com\/bcpjournal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/pexels-photo-2249964.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":182,"url":"https:\/\/michaelsantosauthor.com\/bcpjournal\/perception-evolved-simulation\/","url_meta":{"origin":265,"position":5},"title":"Perception as an Evolved Reality “Self-Simulation”","author":"michael.santos","date":"April 11, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"This paper argues against the viability of the simulation hypothesis, when taken literally, as a reality theory. However, in so far as perception can be considered a mental function that generates a representation of reality, it can be considered a simulation. Moreover, since reality is, by definition, the set of\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Philosophy"","block_context":{"text":"Philosophy","link":"https:\/\/michaelsantosauthor.com\/bcpjournal\/category\/philosophy\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"a woman playing vr box","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michaelsantosauthor.com\/bcpjournal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/pexels-photo-9069002.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michaelsantosauthor.com\/bcpjournal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/pexels-photo-9069002.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michaelsantosauthor.com\/bcpjournal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/pexels-photo-9069002.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michaelsantosauthor.com\/bcpjournal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/pexels-photo-9069002.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/michaelsantosauthor.com\/bcpjournal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/pexels-photo-9069002.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/michaelsantosauthor.com\/bcpjournal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/265","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/michaelsantosauthor.com\/bcpjournal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/michaelsantosauthor.com\/bcpjournal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michaelsantosauthor.com\/bcpjournal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michaelsantosauthor.com\/bcpjournal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=265"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/michaelsantosauthor.com\/bcpjournal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/265\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":281,"href":"https:\/\/michaelsantosauthor.com\/bcpjournal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/265\/revisions\/281"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michaelsantosauthor.com\/bcpjournal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/266"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/michaelsantosauthor.com\/bcpjournal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=265"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michaelsantosauthor.com\/bcpjournal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=265"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michaelsantosauthor.com\/bcpjournal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=265"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}